This suggests that poor oral hygiene might play a role in accelerating memory loss and cognitive decline. Brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits could do more than just protect your smile—they may also support brain health.
2. Inappropriate or Out-of-Character Behavior
One early and often misunderstood sign of dementia is a noticeable shift in behavior—particularly actions that seem socially inappropriate. This is known as disinhibition, and it occurs when damage to certain parts of the brain impairs impulse control.
A person may suddenly start making rude or tactless comments, acting out in public, speaking loudly in quiet settings, or showing little regard for personal boundaries. While these behaviors can be upsetting or embarrassing to those around them, they are not intentional—they’re symptoms of brain changes, not character flaws.
3. Hallucinations
Hallucinations—seeing, hearing, or sensing things that aren’t really there—can be an early indicator of certain types of dementia, especially Lewy body dementia and Parkinson’s disease dementia.
Though less common, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease may also experience visual or auditory hallucinations as the condition progresses. These episodes can cause distress, fear, or confusion, requiring a calm and supportive response from caregivers.
Understanding that these experiences feel real to the person is crucial in providing compassionate care.
4. Difficulty Speaking or Finding the Right Words
Struggling to find the right words or forming coherent sentences may seem like normal aging, but it can also be a symptom of primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of frontotemporal dementia.
People affected may pause mid-sentence, substitute incorrect words, or have trouble understanding conversations. Over time, these language challenges can lead to frustration and social withdrawal. While not everyone with this condition progresses to full dementia, many eventually experience more widespread cognitive decline.
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5. Challenges with Familiar Daily Tasks
Tasks that were once second nature—like making a cup of tea, getting dressed, or following a recipe—can become surprisingly difficult. Dementia affects the brain’s ability to remember steps, follow sequences, and manage simple routines.
For example, a person may forget how to put on clothes in the right order, leave food cooking unattended, or skip bathing altogether. These challenges are often one of the first clues that something more than normal forgetfulness is going on.
As dementia progresses, these changes can lead to a greater need for supervision and caregiving support.
6. Decline in Visual-Spatial Skills
Dementia doesn’t just affect memory—it can also disrupt how a person perceives and interacts with their environment. Visual-spatial issues might include:
Misjudging distances
Difficulty recognizing familiar faces or places
Getting lost in familiar surroundings
Struggling with reading or interpreting visual cues
These challenges can affect everything from navigating stairs to driving safely. As confidence in visual perception diminishes, the person may become more anxious or disoriented, even in environments that were once comfortable.
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