When it comes to strokes, time is everything. Quick intervention often determines whether a person survives and how well they recover. That’s why it is so important to raise awareness about what a stroke is, the types that exist, and the subtle warning signs that may appear weeks before an actual event. What Is a Stroke? A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, depriving it of oxygen. Without oxygen, brain cells begin to die within minutes. Strokes can have devastating consequences, ranging from long-term disability to death. There are several types of stroke: Ischemic stroke (most common): Caused by a blood clot or cholesterol plaque blocking an artery, also known as an embolism or thrombosis. Hemorrhagic stroke: Less common, but often more severe. It results from a ruptured aneurysm, brain tumor, accident, or vascular disorder. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Sometimes called a “mini-stroke,” this is a temporary blockage that resolves on its own. While symptoms may disappear quickly, TIAs should never be ignored, as they are often precursors to a full stroke. Early Warning Signs Weeks Before a Stroke Doctors warn that in many cases, warning signs may appear weeks or even months in advance. Paying attention to these symptoms and seeking medical advice can save your life. Here are 10 symptoms not to ignore: Visual, auditory, or olfactory hallucinations – unusual sensory experiences should be taken seriously. Extreme exhaustion – persistent fatigue without explanation. Facial paralysis or drooping – even slight asymmetry in the face. Tunnel vision – loss of peripheral vision. Loss of coordination – clumsiness, difficulty walking, or sudden imbalance. Speech difficulties – slurred words, trouble forming sentences, or confusion. Unexplained headaches – especially if you are not prone to migraines. Sudden memory loss or confusion – difficulty recalling information or concentrating. High blood pressure spikes – sudden, unusual increases. Numbness or weakness in the body – especially if it affects only one side. How to Reduce Your Risk While not every stroke can be prevented, lifestyle changes play a huge role in reducing risk: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Control cholesterol and blood sugar with regular checkups. Limit alcohol and quit smoking, as both contribute significantly to stroke risk. Stay active with regular exercise to maintain circulation and heart health. Manage stress and blood pressure with relaxation techniques and medical guidance. When in Doubt, Act Fast The key to surviving a stroke is rapid intervention. If you or someone you know experiences sudden paralysis, loss of speech, vision problems, or confusion, don’t wait—call emergency services immediately. Remember the acronym FAST: Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulties Time to call for help Being alert to these early signs can make the difference between life and death.

Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency can result from insufficient intake or poor absorption. Common causes include:

  • Low dietary intake: Diets lacking animal products or fortified foods.
  • Stomach inflammation (gastritis): Reduced stomach acid limits absorption.
  • Pernicious anemia: A rare condition where the body lacks intrinsic factor, needed for B12 absorption.
  • Digestive disorders: Conditions such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease.
  • Gastrointestinal surgery: Procedures like gastric bypass can impair absorption.
  • Excessive alcohol use: Damages the digestive system and reduces absorption.
  • Genetic factors: Rare disorders like transcobalamin II deficiency interfere with B12 transport.

Foods Rich in Vitamin B12

 

The recommended daily intake of vitamin B12 depends on age, sex, and health conditions. To prevent deficiency, include these foods in your diet:

  1. Liver – Up to 20 µg per 100 g; also rich in iron and vitamin B6.
  2. Shellfish (oysters, cockles, scallops) – Cockles provide 80–100 µg per 100 g; oysters 16–18 µg; scallops around 1.5 µg.
  3. Salmon – About 3 µg per 100 g, also a source of omega-3 fatty acids.
  4. Tuna – Around 2.2–2.4 µg per 100 g, plus protein and potassium.
  5. Ground beef – About 2.2–2.5 µg per 100 g, also rich in iron.
  6. Milk – A 250 ml glass provides 1.1–1.4 µg, along with calcium.
  7. Natural yogurt – Around 1 µg per 150 g, plus probiotics for gut health.
  8. Eggs – Approximately 0.6 µg per egg, also containing vitamin D and healthy fats.
  9. Fortified foods – Breakfast cereals and enriched nutritional yeast (up to 23–25 µg per 15 g).

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve health, red blood cell production, and energy metabolism. A deficiency can cause a wide range of symptoms, from fatigue and anemia to neurological problems.

The good news is that vitamin B12 deficiency is both preventable and treatable through diet and supplementation. Recognizing the signs early and addressing the root causes is key to avoiding long-term complications.

Note: If you suspect you have symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, consult a healthcare professional for testing and guidance.